Few species capture the spirit of the American wilderness like the grizzly bear. Powerful, intelligent, and ecologically vital, grizzlies once roamed nearly the entire western United States. Yet by the mid-20th century, persecution and habitat loss had pushed them to the brink of extinction. Federal protections under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) saved this icon of wild America from disappearing entirely.
But now, some - specifically the states of Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana - are pushing for the removal of those protections. While we understand the drive to delist species no longer needing protection, we believe delisting grizzlies now would be dangerously premature. Grizzly bears may no longer be on the edge of extinction, but their recovery remains fragile, incomplete, and deeply dependent on continued federal safeguards.
Grizzlies have not reclaimed a fraction of their historic range. Today, they occupy less than five percent of their former territory, and most live in just two ecosystems: the Greater Yellowstone and the Northern Continental Divide. Their vastly diminished range and the lack of connectivity between populations threatens their long-term resilience. Genetic diversity is a critical defense against environmental changes. When populations are cut off, inbreeding reduces adaptability. Wildlife corridors are not yet fully established, and delisting would remove legal mechanisms that encourage coordinated conservation.
Climate change and the pressure from growing development in bear habitat are also having significant impacts on the grizzly populations. Key food sources like whitebark pine have been decimated due to climate change, all while human expansion fragments habitats. Losing their primary food source has forced bears to roam farther and into developed areas, increasing conflicts with humans often ending with the bear being killed. ESA protections provide tools to manage these conflicts proactively, emphasizing coexistence and habitat conservation.
Legal and scientific precedents also urge extreme caution when considering delisting. As recently as 2024, courts have struck down previous delisting attempts because state agencies failed to fully consider ecological complexities. State management plans often focus narrowly on numbers, not ecosystem health which is a critical consideration for the long term survival of grizzlies. Without federal protection, economic and political pressures could quickly undermine conservation gains.